1. Start with the “why.” If you understand why the disease happens, everything else will make more sense (the symptoms, labs, and treatments). Master the pathophysiology first. 2. Review the same content in different formats. Watch videos, listen to podcasts, read notes, and do questions on the same topic. Repetition through different formats cements memory. 3. Study in short, focused bursts. Study for 45–50 minutes, then take a 10-minute break. Long cramming sessions exhaust your brain and redu