Mathematicians rely on numbers, but finding words to explain different levels of certainty has stymied everyone from the ...

Humans respond to environments that change at many different speeds. A video game player, for example, reacts to on-screen ...

Abstract: Robust multiobjective optimization problems (RMOPs) widely exist in real-world applications, which introduce a variety of uncertainty in optimization models. While some evolutionary ...

Since combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are a class of non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard problems, it is impracticable to solve them in brute-force searches, which results in high ...