When the FORTRAN programming language debuted in 1957, it transformed how scientists and engineers programmed computers. Complex calculations could suddenly be expressed in concise, math-like notation ...

We noted that Excel turned 40 this year. That makes it seem old, and today, if you say “spreadsheet,” there’s a good chance ...

For example, NLopt contains a C version of COBYLA, NEWUOA, and BOBYQA, but the C code in NLopt is translated from the Fortran 77 code straightforwardly, if not automatically by f2c, and hence inherits ...

TIOBE Index for December 2025: Top 10 Most Popular Programming Languages Your email has been sent December’s TIOBE Index lands with a quieter top tier but a livelier shuffle just beneath it. The main ...

can be solved by solving an equivalent linear complementarity problem when H is positive semidefinite. The approach is outlined in the discussion of the LCP subroutine in Chapter 17, "Language ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Jennifer Simonson is a business journalist with a decade of experience covering entrepreneurship and small business. Drawing on her background as a founder of multiple startups, she writes for Forbes ...

Multitasking means to be able to run more than one program simultaneously. In the past, computers with CLIs were unable to multitask - the operating systems of the day only allowed one program to run ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...