Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

In this paper, the authors propose a MOS-BJT-NDR circuit, which can show the Negative-Differential-Resistance (NDR) characteristic in its current-voltage curve. This NDR circuit is composed of ...

When designing a chip, a designer needs to consider many tradeoffs before developing the logic. For example, if a chip is being developed for mobile applications, power becomes a very important factor ...

The first CMOS chip was created by Fairchild Semiconductor, presented at ISSCC in 1963. The logic topologies used in today’s textbooks originated in this work. P-type devices are slower than N-type by ...

Logic Gates are among the important components of a circuit. All the logical operations required to perform a particular task in an electronic circuit are carried by these logic gates. If you are an ...

Switching algebra is easily visualized using switches since there are only two values: on and off, or true and false. In digital systems we represent these as 1 and 0, respectively. There are only two ...

VHDL and Verilog are hardware description languages, used to describe and define logic circuits. They’re typically used to design ASICs and to program FPGAs, essentially using software to define ...

A fundamental goal of synthetic biology is to predictably and efficiently reprogram cells to perform computations and carry out specific biological tasks 1. Cells genetically engineered with ...

A new logic-level approach directly impacts board-level performance and complexity. By optimizing interconnects, fanouts and signal structures before schematic capture, a new gate-level synthesis ...