The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

When the atmospheric surface pressure is just right, a temperature difference can drive a continuous flow of rarefied gas through the soil matrix — a previously unrecognized process on Mars. De Beule ...

Accurately monitoring the flow of fluids injected downhole to enhance oil recovery is critical for improving the efficiency of reservoir production methods. Current software uses streamline ...

The Hydrologic Cycle is quite complex, with many moisture paths; however, in this project we are only concerned with a small portion of the entire cycle. In a simplified hydrologic model, rainfall (or ...