Internal rate of return and return on investment are two common metrics used to show how an investment has performed over time. Although similar, these two metrics describe investment performance in ...

Required rate of return (RRR) gives investors a benchmark to determine the minimum acceptable return on an investment considering the risk involved. By calculating RRR, investors can assess whether an ...

Time-weighted return (TWR) calculates an investment portfolio or fund’s performance while accounting for external cash flows. Investment funds usually have money flowing in or out at various times.

Learn to calculate the Sharpe Ratio in Excel for insightful investment analysis. Our guide will help you assess risk versus ...

Every thriving business relies on a robust return on investment (ROI) to help gauge whether its investments are yielding a profit. Although you as an individual investor possess shallower pockets than ...

Real rate of return adjusts for inflation, providing a true growth measure. S&P 500's real rate is 7.9%, versus a nominal 11.8%, due to inflation. Using real rates in retirement planning ensures ...

The Forward Rate of Return (FRR) was popularized by noted Investment Manager Donald Yacktman. The whole purpose of stock investing is balance the present rate of return, i.e., the dividend (if any) I ...

Calculating return on investment (ROI) on a rental property is essential for understanding its profitability and making informed decisions as an investor. ROI measures how much profit you’re ...

A hurdle rate is the minimum acceptable rate of return an investor expects from an investment, accounting for all associated risks. It serves as a benchmark for determining the viability of a project ...