The proton gradients that power respiration are as universal as the genetic code itself, giving an insight into the origin of life and the singular origin of complexity. Why do virtually all cells ...

Protons, the positively charged particles that help build every atom in our bodies, are starting to look less like classical ...

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of our cells, generating energy that supports life. A giant molecular proton pump, called complex I, is crucial: It sets in motion a chain of reactions, creating a ...

High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are highly promising for next-generation aviation, as they can operate above 160 °C and tolerate impurities in the fuel. However, they ...

A new theory proposes the primordial life-forms that gave rise to all life on Earth left deep-sea vents because of their "invention" of a tiny pump. These primitive cellular pumps would have powered ...