This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Dogs were trained to press a pedal to avoid shock. They were then operantly reinforced for making or for refraining from making a series of ...

If you have spent any time researching dog training, you've probably encountered some clinical terms. Some of these terms are straightforward, while others can be a bit confusing, especially when ...

This article was published in Scientific American’s former blog network and reflects the views of the author, not necessarily those of Scientific American While second nature to many of us, driving a ...