From a thermodynamics perspective, all systems, even the universe itself, are all driven by two aspects of their state—entropy and energy. Any closed system will simultaneously tend towards a minimum ...

While usual gapless points that are not geometrically defective i.e. Dirac points (Left column) possess only eigenvalues within [0, 1] (Bottom Left), defective exceptional points (Right column) also ...

For all its tumult — erupting stars, colliding galaxies, collapsing black holes — the cosmos is a surprisingly orderly place. Theoretical calculations have long shown that the entropy of the universe ...