Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a set of advanced methods for surface analysis. The recent advances in SPM of metals, polymers, insulating, and semiconductive materials are primarily due to the ...

Since the first demonstration of the laser in the 1960s, laser spectroscopy has become an essential tool for studying the detailed structures and dynamics of atoms and molecules. Advances in laser ...

This field encompasses advanced techniques that utilise laser light to selectively ionise heavy atoms, including actinides and super-heavy elements, thereby facilitating the investigation of their ...

Miniaturized spectroscopy systems that can detect trace concentrations at the parts-per-billion (ppb) level are of utmost importance in applications ranging from environmental monitoring and ...

For the engineer or scientist using spectroscopic laser diagnostics to investigate gas-phase media or plasmas, this book is an excellent resource for gaining a deeper understanding of the physics of ...

IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more. In May 1960 Theodore Maiman and Irnee ...

Although wooly mammoths are long gone, their recovered ivory lives on as a legal alternative to banned elephant ivory. Scientists can now use lasers to differentiate between the two materials, ...