Explore conditionality, its role in international aid, loan agreements, and public welfare, and understand its various types, applications, and potential criticisms.

While the funds help stabilise reserves and avert immediate balance-of-payments pressure, analysts argue that Pakistan’s ...

We construct a unique dataset by collecting macro-financial commitments data using textual analysis of the Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies (MEFPs), a document outlining, inter-alia, ...

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 191 countries working to promote international monetary cooperation, facilitate international trade, contribute to high levels of employment ...