In physics, we keep track of how complex a system is by determining its “degrees of freedom.” In essence, this provides a guide for how many different ways something can change to create possible ...

Light consists of electromagnetic waves that oscillate in time and propagate in space. Scalar waves are described by their intensity and phase distributions. These are the spatial (orbital) degrees of ...

In the quantum world, a single particle can have various degrees of freedom to encode quantum information. Controlling multiple degrees of freedom simultaneously is necessary to describe a particle ...

After a discussion on free will emerged on a psychology listserv I participate in, I decided to write a blog on it. Or did I? The question of whether we humans are free agents that can authentically ...