Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

The arena of creating secure environments in the hardware and software industries is somewhat shrouded in mystery and misunderstanding. Certainly, some types of ciphers are relatively straightforward ...

1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

Until the twentieth century, cryptography—the scrambling of messages to make them obscure to everybody except an intended recipient—was a relatively straightforward business, based on principles used ...

The annual Rate Bowl kicked off on Dec. 26 inside Chase Field in Phoenix. The Golden Gophers of Minnesota would walk off New Mexico in overtime to win their ninth straight bowl game which is the... An ...

NOVA scienceNOW's "Can Science Stop Crime" introduced you to Tadayoshi Kohno, a University of Washington computer scientist who's made it his mission to take over networked machines, identifying ...

The concluding words of Unsolved! are a call to action. Craig Bauer, a US mathematician and editor-in-chief of the journal Cryptologia, ends his hefty history of cryptography by noting that even as he ...